Human Functions Test 1 Practice Exam 2026 – Complete Study Resource

Cranial and caudal terms describe positions along the head-to-tail axis of the body. That axis runs through the trunk, so these directions are most straightforward to apply to structures within the trunk—for example, something cranial to the pelvis or caudal to the diaphragm. The limbs are typically described with proximal and distal directions along their own axis, and while cranial/caudal can reference head-related regions, the trunk is the area where these terms are most clearly used for overall orientation. Thus, the area described by cranial and caudal directional terms is the trunk.